The Veda’s are considered to be the oldest written recordings that describe, often in metaphors, ancient principles, practices and spirituality. The word “Veda” means knowledge or truth.

There are 4 major texts in the Vedic literature:

1. Rig Veda – “The Book of Mantra”
2. Sama Veda – “The Book of Song”
3. Yajur Veda – “The Book of Ritual”
4. Arthava Veda – “The Book of Transformation”

Additionally, there are Upavedas – which are basically applied science and supportive knowledge for these 4 texts. Ayurveda is an Upaveda of both Arthava Veda and Rig Veda.

Dhanurveda, the topic of this article, is an Upaveda of the Yajur Veda. (1) Dhanu literally means “bow,” making the word Dhanurveda literally mean “bow knowledge.” You may have heard of the yoga pose or asana, Dhanurasana or “Bow Pose.”

Dhanurveda is considered the Vedic science of transformation. In more recent times, Dhanurveda has been mostly discussed as the Vedic science of war, detailing battle strategies, fighting methods and strategies to overcome an enemy.

As all Vedic sciences are primarily teachings for the development of full human physical, mental and spiritual potential, it would be a mistake to relegate Dhanurveda as a science of only weaponry and battle strategies.

The Vedic warriors who were masters of Dhanurveda – such as Ram, Lakshman, Arjuna, Krishna and other Vedic heroes – represent beings that have achieved their full spiritual potential, achieved superior physical abilities and fearlessness through mental and emotional freedom.

A true warrior with full knowledge of Dhanurveda was considered invincible. They would be fully alert while in deep rest, completely calm and fully aware in the field of battle, all while fighting only for the highest purpose with no attachment to the outcome. They were established in being while they performed action. They were invincible on the battlefield.

During my studies in India back in the eighties, I was asked to write a thesis on Dhanurveda, the Veda of physical, mental, emotional and spiritual transformation. Based on my thesis, I called my very first audio-cassette course Invincible Athletics – in which I attempted to bring these principles into the world of sports performance. The Invincible Athletics course was the precursor to my first book on athletics, Body, Mind and Sport, which included research that we conducted proving the principles of Dhanurveda.

The Buddhist monk, Bodhidharma, who brought the original martial arts to the East, brought the teachings to India before he made his way to China. In India, he introduced the understanding of Marma – the vital points on the body that were said to bring certain death. This was the precursor to Marma Therapy in India, and Acupuncture in China.

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Today, many of these martial techniques are being revived as part of the study of Dhanurveda.

Vedic Archery

No study of Dhanurveda would be complete without the study of the bow or archery. Shooting an arrow is a powerful metaphor for the transformation we all long to experience.

Perhaps the best premise for Dhanurvedic principles is found in Chapter 2, verses 42-48 of the Bhagavad Gita. (2) In these verses, Krishna, who represented the highest ideals, and Arjuna, who was the great archer, were driving their chariot into battle to fight their deceitful cousins, who had taken control of the kingdom through trickery.

Arjuna took pause, as he was suddenly conflicted about killing his cousins. He knew that if his cousins became rulers, the people would suffer for generations. He had to stop them for the greater good. But to do so, he was being asked to go into battle and kill his family, the cousins he grew up playing with!

Conflicted, Arjuna asked Krishna for advice. Krishna simply said, “Yogastha Kuru Karmani,” which means “First establish being in yourself and then, and only then, perform action.”

What this meant was that, before we take any action, it cannot be from the mind in the world of “right and wrong,” emotion or judgement. We must act from that place of Being – deep silence and knowing – where there is no “this or that,” no “should or shouldn’t.”

Once he was able to remove his mind and emotions and establish himself in being, he was able to act and perform the action without attachment. His action ultimately brought balance back to the kingdom.

Be the Bow

The bow, from the perspective of Dhanurveda, offers us a great tool to experience the being or silence that proceeds truth or a transformational action. The bow became the source and course for mastering Dhanurveda. The power of the bow spread throughout Asia as martial arts, such as Japanese Kudo.

When you fully draw a bow back in an attempt to shoot an arrow, you must bring the bow and the arrow back fully. You must hold and establish that arrow and bowstring into a state of absolute stillness or silence. The slightest movement of the bowstring will create an exponentially distorted flight of the arrow. To create a profoundly transformational shot, you must establish yourself, the bowstring and arrow in Being, silence or total stillness and then, only then, shoot the arrow or perform the action.

Pulling back the bow fully is a metaphor for pulling the mind back into a total state of non-thinking – as if you were in a meditative state while fully engaged in the world or action. Holding the bowstring and arrow in a state of stillness requires mastery of the mind to avert distraction from the outside world, the target or, as the Gita put it, “the fruits of his actions.”

In the verses of the Gita mentioned above, Krishna also commanded Arjuna to not be attached to the fruit of his actions. He must be completely still, astutely aware and steeped in the process of his actions.

The minute we let the mind wander, be distracted or think about the outcome, the mind instantly attaches itself to the fruits of that action. The mind will seek the reward, the satisfaction of hitting the target, the return on investment or become addicted to the fruits of one’s actions. Soon, the mind seeks a dopamine-rich reward chemistry to be the result of all action.

In time, all action is based on an expectation of some reward, return on investment or fruits. The ability to function and shoot or act from that place of being is lost, and every action becomes a manipulation of the environment to deliver a reward.

Once established in being with the bow or with the mind fully “pulled back,” the release of the bowstring sends the arrow into a transformational flight. The arrow, the thought, the action released from this state of mindless-ness is free of attachment. It is free of judgment. It flies without concern of what people think, it requires no approval or attention from others. When it hits the target, it penetrates at the deepest possible level. It is transformational.

Hedonistic vs. Eudaimonistic Giving

This concept has been recently tested in a study that measured two different types of giving:

1. Giving with a hope or desire that the gift was appreciated, which is called Hedonistic Giving.
2. Giving a gift with no concern of whether or not they appreciated the gift, which is called Eudaimonistic Giving.

The Hedonistic Giving was a nice gesture, but only the Eudaimonistic Giving – where there was no attachment to the fruit of the gift – actually altered the genetic code of the gift receiver. The Hedonistic Giving made no such change. At the most subtle level, we can feel when an action is coming from truth or from a need to be appreciated. (3,4)

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The battle that was described in the Bhagavad Gita, called The Great Battle or Mahabharata, was also a metaphor for what takes place in our minds on a daily basis. Many of us are deeply affected by what other people think, driven by accomplishments and overwhelmed with a mind full of incessant thinking.

The bow is used in Dhanurveda to teach us how to use the two major life principles that define all of the other Vedic sciences: To act from within, without a care from without.

Stay tuned for more blogs on the principles of Dhanurveda – the Veda of Transformation.